Productivity and Performance

sk The Institute has long-standing experience of research on productivity issues. Our research includes studies of the determinants of productivity, ranging from human resource management to regulation, and studies concerned with the measurement of productivity and the development of new statistics. Our work assesses productivity at the level of the individual worker, firm, industry sector, and national economy; it includes country-specific studies as well as international comparisons. Analyses of productivity typically involve application of a range of econometric techniques; we also conduct case studies.

Recent and current work includes:

  • examination of the links between regulation, competitiveness and longer term productivity growth
  • study of the impacts of immigration on sectoral productivity
  • study of the impact of equal opportunities practices on workplace productivity using the Workplace Employment Relations Survey
  • measurement of firm-level intangible assets and analysis of their contribution to business performance
  • analysis of agglomeration economies in innovation
  • evaluation of the impacts of the National Minimum Wage on sectoral productivity
  • measurement of productivity and performance in the health and education sectors
  • international comparisons of relative productivity performance at sectoral and national levels using growth accounting and multivariate panel regression methods
  • assessment of the importance of skill shortages for UK business performance
  • analysis of the links between innovation and high growth enterprises
  • international comparisons of the impact of vocational education and training on relative productivity performance at sectoral and national levels
  • EU KLEMS

    Funded by: European Union 6th Framework

    In the sectoral analysis of productivity, growth accounting has proved to be a useful tool in demonstrating a positive impact of information and communications technology on productivity growth, where econometric analyses initially revealed little or no impact. Following the US research of Dale Jorgenson and Barbara Fraumeni, Mary O'Mahony and Bart van Ark demonstrated the need to develop consistent and harmonised data sources for the purposes of meaningful cross country sectoral comparisons of productivity and competitiveness. This publication was a forerunner to EUKLEMS, the European Union 6th framework project, Productivity in the European Union. In order to carry out detailed cross-country analysis of productivity and growth performance at industry level, a database on measures of economic growth, productivity, employment creation, capital formation and technological change at the industry level was created for all European Union member states from 1970 onwards. The database is now publically available, to be used for analytical and policy-related purposes (see links below). Our analytical research using this resource has focused principally on the relationship between skills formation, technological progress and innovation on the one hand, and productivity on the other. We have also sought to link EUKLEMS with existing micro (firm level) databases to facilitate this type of analysis. The research exploiting the newly created industry-level productivity database will provide an important input to policy evaluation. For further information on the EUKLEMS consortium and further research see: http://www.euklems.net/


    Cross-Country Productivity Performance at Sector Level

    This project was funded by the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR). It produced and analysed a harmonised database that compared the productivity fortunes of the UK with France, Germany and the US over the period 1995-2004 at the most detailed level of industry disaggregation possible. Variables generated include:

    1. Average labour productivity levels, per worker and per worker-hour
    2. Growth rates of labour productivity
    3. Average physical capital stocks per worker and per worker-hour
    4. Workforce skill levels
    5. Average total factor productivity (TFP) levels
    6. Annual growth rates of TFP
    7. Average levels of unit labour costs

    A full research report on this project is available here.

    The four-country sector-level database is available here.


    Sectoral Drivers of Growth

    For any economy, the attainable standard of living depends on the competitive performance of individual firms. But many determinants are shaped by the general business environment, such as the degree of macroeconomic stability or the working of factor markets. At the same time it is also evident that, for instance, the relative intensity in factor use, the incentives to pursue opportunities, and the knowledge required for turning them into successful businOctober 13, 2011 4:30 PMin their sectoral growth and performance.

    The aim of this study was the construction of a comprehensive sectoral database for use within the European Commission's Enterprise Directorate General only. The second objective was to give a detailed assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of European industries and their major determinants ("growth drivers").

    Funded by: EC, DG Enterprise.

     

    Contact

    Ana Rincon-Aznar


    The Impact of Changes to the National Minimum Wage on Competitiveness, Performance and Sector Dynamics in Britain

    In our analysis of the impact of recent upratings of the national minimum wage (NMW) we adopt a dual approach to provide a holistic overview of the impact on performance and dynamiOctober 13, 2011 4:30 PM level using an existing cleaned micro-dataset constructed from the Annual Business Inquiry database (available at the VML), by extending the analysis to incorporate measures of profitability, entry and exit and also, at the sector level, updating earlier growth accounting work undertaken by Forth and O'Mahony (2003) and extending the sectoral analysis to consider profitability and entry and exit. In this way, we aim to offer insight into the effect of the NMW, from plant through firm to sector and economy level. This proposal aims to address the following questions:

  • To what extent have recent (2003-2005) upratings affected unit labour costs at the sectoral level?
  • What has been the impact of recent upratings of the NMW on input mix and labour productivity at the sectoral level?
  • Has the effect fallen disproportionately throughout the economy (in specific regions or on firms of particular size) as its impact begins to bite?
  • Has there been an impact on firm profitability, or profit levels within industries?
  • Has the NMW increased the hazard and/or entry rates of plants, particularly in low paying sectors?
  • The proposed period of analysis is 1995-2005.
  • Funded by: Low Pay Commission

     

    Contact

    John Forth